ROBOTICS AND CODING MODULE

Algorithms

Turning a solution into explicit, ordered and testable steps that a person or machine can repeat consistently.

Last updated: 27 July 2026
MODULE IDENTITY

The distinctive work of this module

Turning a solution into explicit, ordered and testable steps that a person or machine can repeat consistently.

Completion evidence: Pseudocode, flowchart, test cases and a correction record.

Model one daily process first in plain language, then pseudocode and a flowchart, and test it with three edge cases.

Core production

Pseudocode, flowchart, test cases and a correction record

Laboratory

Model one daily process first in plain language, then pseudocode and a flowchart, and test it with three edge cases.

Safety / limit

Record power, wiring, data or user limits on hardware, and model limitations in simulation.

LESSON SEQUENCE

A 12-step learning pathway

The order is recommended. Before a project page, complete evidence from foundation, practice and debugging lessons.

01 · Flowcharts

Learn to draw an algorithm as a flowchart, showing decisions and loops with symbols.

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02 · Algorithm Mini Project: Smart Bag Check

Use the whole module to design, pseudocode, test and debug a smart bag-check algorithm.

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03 · What Is an Algorithm?

Learn to turn a problem into clear steps a computer or robot can follow, through sequence, condition and repetition.

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04 · Comparing Multiple Solutions

Learn to compare multiple solutions to one problem by correctness, simplicity, speed and safety.

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05 · Variables: Storing Information

Learn to store and update information with named variables, including counters and accumulators.

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06 · Loops: Making Repetitive Work Easier

Learn to automate repeated steps with loops — both fixed-count and condition-based repetition.

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07 · Input, Process and Output

Learn the input–process–output model and how sensors, control and outputs connect.

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08 · Debugging

Learn to compare expected and actual results and fix mistakes systematically.

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09 · Conditions: If, Else and Making Decisions

Conditions let a program or robot check the current state and run different commands for different results.

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10 · Operators and Comparisons

Learn to calculate and combine conditions with arithmetic, comparison and logical operators.

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11 · Writing Pseudocode

Learn to write a solution as clear, language-independent pseudocode. An in-depth guide to Writing Pseudocode with practical examples, safety notes and explained review activities.

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12 · Sequence: The Right Order of Commands

Sequence decides the order in which the commands of an algorithm run so they produce the correct result.

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EVIDENCE MATRIX

Four checks before saying it works

Four checks before saying it works table
CheckQuestionEvidence to keep
InputWhich value, event or user request enters the system?Sample inputs and edge cases
ProcessWhich rule, algorithm or physical relationship is applied?Code, calculation, diagram or state table
OutputWhat should be observed in correct and incorrect states?Expected–actual comparison
SafetyUnder which condition should the system stop or request help?Safe-stop and recovery behaviour
MODULE-SPECIFIC DEPTH

Algorithms: from one example to a system

Turning a solution into explicit, ordered and testable steps that a person or machine can repeat consistently. A correct example alone is therefore insufficient. Completion evidence should be pseudocode, flowchart, test cases and a correction record, tested with normal, boundary and invalid inputs.

In the first cycle, pair foundation and application among Flowcharts, What Is an Algorithm?, Comparing Multiple Solutions, Variables: Storing Information, Loops: Making Repetitive Work Easier. Predict the result, run or measure it, then explain any difference. Even when prediction and reality match, state which changed condition would break the result.

In the second cycle, complete this laboratory: Model one daily process first in plain language, then pseudocode and a flowchart, and test it with three edge cases. Do not close with one successful screenshot. Keep the input table, expected behaviour, actual behaviour, error or measurement and the correction in one file.

In the final cycle, connect Conditions: If, Else and Making Decisions, Algorithm Mini Project: Smart Bag Check, Operators and Comparisons, Sequence: The Right Order of Commands, Writing Pseudocode. Let one lesson's output become another lesson's input; show where safe stopping is needed when data type, unit, wiring, timing or user expectation changes.

Repeat the same task one month later with less source support. Compare not only speed or appearance but test coverage, explainability, safety and whether another person can rebuild the work.

CROSS-LESSON BRIDGE

How do Flowcharts and Writing Pseudocode connect?

Use the foundation produced in Flowcharts as an input to Debugging. Then show in Writing Pseudocode how the same idea changes under the limits of a larger system. This bridge carries the goal of turning a solution into explicit, ordered and testable steps that a person or machine can repeat consistently. beyond one isolated example.

Add three columns to the pseudocode, flowchart, test cases and a correction record file: knowledge carried from the previous lesson, condition changed in the new lesson and result observed in testing. Sharing a word does not establish a connection; one lesson’s output should genuinely become the next process’s input.

Test the connection through this laboratory: Model one daily process first in plain language, then pseudocode and a flowchart, and test it with three edge cases. After the first attempt, add an edge condition such as empty data, wrong type, disconnected input, extreme value or user error. Record whether the system remains understandable and safe beyond the normal example.

  • Name the previous lesson output
  • State the one changed condition
  • Separate expected and actual result
  • Define safe stopping or error feedback
  • Make one change in the second version
MICRO QUIZ

Test the reasoning behind the module

1. What is the module completion evidence?

Pseudocode, flowchart, test cases and a correction record

2. Does a simulator replace hardware testing?

No. A simulator tests logic; physical power, wiring and sensor conditions require separate tests.

3. Which four fields belong in an error log?

Condition, expected result, actual result and change made.

4. When should the project page be opened?

After completing foundation concepts and at least one practice artefact.

5. What is the module mini laboratory?

Model one daily process first in plain language, then pseudocode and a flowchart, and test it with three edge cases.

PRIMARY SOURCES

Verify versions and tool behaviour

Python control flow

Primary source for current technical behaviour and limits.

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Scratch Ideas

Primary source for current technical behaviour and limits.

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